基于高通量测序技术研究药食两用薏苡仁中污染真菌多样性

目的:调查药食两用薏苡仁中污染真菌多样性,为其安全使用提供参考依据。方法:收集薏苡仁样品18批,提取真菌DNA并扩增ITS2序列,基于Illumina MiSeq PE250平台进行高通量测序。结果:共检测到4门18纲44目99科149属的真菌,子囊菌门Ascomycota是最优势菌门,镰刀菌属Fusarium(3.05%~60.32%)是属水平最优势属,其次是曲霉属Aspergillus(2.20%~45.44%)、白僵菌属Beauveria(0.07%~63.21%)、链格孢属Alternaria(0.80%~11.92%)、Arachnomyces(0.03%~39.36%)和青霉属Penicillium(0.24%~8.03%)。此外,共检测到5种潜在产毒真菌,分别是烟曲霉A.fumigatus、土曲霉A.terreus、梨孢镰刀菌F.poae、囊状青霉P.capsulatum和展青霉P.paxilli。结论:高通量测序技术可以快速有效地检测薏苡仁中污染真菌种类,为薏苡仁污染真菌毒素提供风险预警。     

健康状态中医辨识研究前景分析

健康状态中医辨识是基于中医原创思维和健康理论,运用中医健康状态评价的方法和技术,形成中医健康状态评价方法体系,对健康状态进行辨识。世界卫生组织指出,21世纪的医学,不应继续以疾病为主要研究对象,而应以人类健康作为医学研究的主要方向。进行健康状态中医辨识相关研究,符合21世纪的医学将从疾病医学向健康医学转变的趋势,也符合新医改形势下卫生保健提倡的“关口前移”,对促进人群健康有重要意义。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞培养鉴定及复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清对细胞增殖的影响

目的:建立SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的分离培养方法,观察不同浓度的复方扶芳藤合剂大鼠含药血清对大鼠BMSCs增殖的影响。方法:通过全骨髓贴壁法体外分离、培养、纯化BMSCs,对其进行细胞形态学观察,将BMSCs进行成骨、成脂定向诱导分化,采用流式细胞仪检测其表面标志物,分析其细胞周期,进行BMSCs鉴定;采用不同浓度(20%、10%和5%)的复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清和空白血清连续7 d对大鼠BM SCs进行干预,以CCK-8法检测其吸光度值,对比各组细胞生长情况。结果:BMSCs具有典型的成纤维样细胞形态,集落生长呈漩涡状。BMSCs成脂、成骨诱导后,油红O染色和茜素红染色均呈阳性。第3代BMSCs表型CD29、CD44、CD34、CD44表达分别为99.645%、99.677%、0.016%、0.133%;不同浓度的复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清和空白血清连续干预7 d后,CCK-8法检测显示:20%浓度的复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清组,其1~7 d的吸光度均值均高于20%浓度的空白血清组(P<0.05);10%的含药血清组的吸光度均值在3~7 d,高于10%的空白血清组(P<0.05);5%的含药血清组与5%的空白血清组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:全骨髓贴壁法分离、培养BM SCs,操作简单,方法稳定,可大量扩增BMSCs。扩增后的BMSCs具有间充质干细胞的生物学特性,具有多向分化潜能。复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清干预后的BMSCs增殖能力增强,其中20%浓度的复方扶芳藤合剂含药血清在本实验中为最佳干预浓度。     

Evaluación del impacto de un plan multisectorial de promoción de la salud y el bienestar social en Andalucía

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the Plan for the promotion of personal autonomy and prevention of disability in Andalusia (2016-2020) in 13 public administrations during the first year of its implementation; and to analyse the usability and feasibility of the impact assessment ladder used.MethodThe Plan addresses the promotion of personal autonomy and the prevention of disabilities and dependencies through a multisectoral approach. It is structured in strands or lines of work, objectives and actions that have been assessed through the Adoption Impact Ladder (AIL). The analysis of the face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the impact assessment ladder was carried out in 30 actions of the Plan that were rated by 20 experts from the 13 ministries and public agencies involved in the Plan, and an external rater.Results176 actions and programmes were launched in 2017. Of these, 67.2% were implemented during the first year. Only one of the 16 objectives had no action initiated during the first year. Moreover, 7 out of 15 objectives implemented were fully multisectoral involving more than three Regional Ministries. The face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the AIL were good (κ: 0.72).ConclusionsThis Plan has provided a novel framework to coordinate a broad range of proposed policies and actions within the public administration of Andalusia. For the first time, a multisectoral impact analysis has been conducted providing an effective guide for monitoring, planning and setting public priorities in health, social services, ageing and disabilities.     

Mock jurors’ awareness of age-related changes in memory and cognitive capacity

While age-related changes in memory have been well documented, findings about jurors’ perceptions of older witnesses are conflicting. We investigated the effect of victim age (25 vs. 75?years old) and crime severity (victim injured vs. not injured) on mock jurors’ decisions in a robbery trial. Jury-eligible participants (120 women; 84 men) read a mock trial summary and delivered their verdicts online. Mock jurors believed the young victim more than the older victim when the crime was severe, while no age differences emerged for the less severe crime. Whereas previous research demonstrated that juror characteristics were generally associated with culpability, we demonstrated that with case-specific information, these general views became less important. In all, mock jurors were aware of age-related decline in memory provided by eyewitnesses only to a limited extent. Accordingly, in trials involving older witnesses, jurors will benefit from educative information about age-related memory changes.     

壮药材滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香比较研究

目的： 建立壮药材滇桂艾纳香专属性检验方法。方法： 采用基原鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、分子生物学及特征图谱等方法对滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香进行对比研究。结果： 三者的根、茎、叶性状基本相同，区别点在于滇桂艾纳香头状花序小（直径0.5~0.8 cm），东风草头状花序大（直径1.5~2 cm），高艾纳香头状花序具密集的长绒毛；三者的根、茎横切面，粉末显微特征基本相同，高艾纳香具基部膨大的非腺毛；薄层鉴别（1）中高艾纳香比滇桂艾纳香和东风草少1个斑点；薄层鉴别（2）中滇桂艾纳香比东风草和高艾纳香少1个特征斑点；ITS2序列N-J树聚类分析显示三者具有良好的单系性，三者种间最小遗传距离均大于种内最大遗传距离；与滇桂艾纳香对照图谱相比，东风草平均相似度为0.962，高艾纳香平均相似度仅为0.789。结论： 高艾纳香与滇桂艾纳香区别较大，不宜混用，在日常使用中应注意甄别；东风草与滇桂艾纳香在性状、显微、薄层、分子生物学、特征图谱等方面相似度较高，在对二者进行充分的药理活性以及临床试验等基础上，可考虑作为滇桂艾纳香的替代品使用，以缓解药用资源不足的问题。     

Difference in background factors between responders to gabapentin enacarbil treatment and responders to placebo: pooled analyses of two randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled studies in Japanese patients with restless legs syndrome

ObjectiveRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder that is characterized by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations mainly in the legs. Two placebo-controlled studies (Phase II/III and post-marketing) in Japanese patients with RLS failed to demonstrate the efficacy of gabapentin enacarbil (GE) 600 mg in the change from baseline in International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLS) score at the end of the treatment period. The high response to placebo is thought to be a possible reason why the post-marketing study failed. The objectives of these post hoc analyses were to determine potential predictive factors associated with improvement in IRLS score with GE treatment and to identify subgroups with higher placebo responses.MethodsWe combined data from the two Japanese studies and analyzed change from baseline in IRLS score in the pooled population and subgroups defined by several patient characteristics. Moreover, we calculated the variable importance of each factor and performed predictive enrichment analysis to identify an enrichable subpopulation with greater improvement by GE treatment.ResultsThe post hoc analyses suggested that higher baseline IRLS score (≥21) and higher body mass index (≥25 kg/m²) were associated with higher placebo responses. On the other hand, positive family history of RLS, prior use of dopaminergic receptor agonists, and higher baseline ferritin level (≥50 ng/mL) were associated with higher responses to GE.ConclusionsOur results suggest that patients with typical idiopathic RLS characteristics, including positive family history and no low ferritin level, would be expected to derive the greatest benefits from GE treatment.     

Microhaplotypes in forensic genetics

Microhaplotype loci (microhaps, MHs) are a novel type of molecular marker of less than 300 nucleotides, defined by two or more closely linked SNPs associated in multiple allelic combinations. The value of these markers is enhanced by massively parallel sequencing (MPS), which allows the sequencing of both parental haplotypes at each of the many multiplexed loci. This review describes the features of these multi-SNP markers and documents their value in forensic genetics, focusing on individualization, biogeographic ancestry inference, and mixture deconvolution. Foreseeable applications also include missing person identification, relationship testing, and medical diagnostic applications. The technique is not restricted to humans.     

何首乌等位基因特异性PCR鉴别方法研究

目的建立一种快速鉴别何首乌真伪的方法。方法通过何首乌及其混伪品的psb A-trn H基因序列,寻找SNP位点并设计特异性引物,对来自于不同产地的何首乌及其3个同属混伪品进行PCR扩增,优化反应体系条件,并对此方法进行考察。结果建立了何首乌特异性PCR的方法,在退火温度48℃、循环次数30时仅有何首乌能扩增得到191 bp的特异性条带,伪品则无。结论等位基因特异性PCR鉴别何首乌真伪方法简单、可靠。